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The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. The FAI defines spaceflight as any flight over . In the United States, professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of are awarded astronaut wings. The majority of people who have flown into space have done so by entering Earth orbit. This list includes persons meeting all three criteria, in separate subdivisions. The flags indicate the space traveler's nationality at the time of their flight or flights. In cases of dual citizenship, the space traveler is listed under their primary residence. A secondary list appended to the entry for the Soviet Union. shows the birth countries of space travelers not born in Russia. A similar list after the entry for the United States shows the birth countries of space travelers who are or were citizens of the U.S. but were born elsewhere. Flags shown in the secondary lists are those in use at the time of the space travelers' birth. Names in ''italic'' are space travelers who are not part of any national astronaut program or astronaut corps (Toyohiro Akiyama, Helen Sharman, the Space Adventures customers and the sub-orbital SpaceShipOne pilots). Except for the SpaceShipOne pilots, all of the space travellers have been crew or participants aboard flights launched by China, the Soviet Union/Russia or the United States. == Statistics == , people from 40 countries have traveled in space.〔Other Wikipedia articles count Talgat Musabayev as a Kazakh and Anousheh Ansari as an Iranian-American dual citizen; they may also consider Russia and the Soviet Union, or East, West, and united Germany as distinct countries.〕 540 people have reached Earth orbit. 543 have reached the altitude of space according to the FAI definition of the boundary of space, and 549 people have reached the altitude of space according to the American definition. Only 24 people have traveled beyond low Earth orbit. Of the 37 countries whose citizens have traveled into Earth orbit, 26 have only flown a single space traveler, and 3 others〔Belgium, Bulgaria, and the Netherlands〕 have only flown 2 each. Over 94% of all space travelers have been contributed by the following eight nations: }} 1 Includes 61 Soviet cosmonauts and 11 cosmonauts who flew for both Russia and the Soviet Union. 2 Includes both national space programme activity and European Space Agency participation. 3 Includes astronauts from the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of space travelers by nationality」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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